The women s suffrage movement was a political and social movement aimed at securing the right of women to vote in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the movement had its roots in the united states and europe and was characterized by a variety of strategies and tactics suffragists used techniques such as peaceful protests civil disobedience and legal challenges to advocate for women s right to vote the movement gained momentum in the early 20th century culminating in the passage of the 19th amendment to the united states constitution in 1920 which granted women the right to vote in the united states let s do those who helped shape this historic movement
| Sr. No. | Key Events | Year | Results |
| 1 | Attack on Fort Sumter | 1861 | Confederate victory |
| 2 | First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) | 1861 | Confederate victory |
| 3 | Battle of Shiloh | 1862 | Union victory |
| 4 | Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas) | 1862 | Confederate victory |
| 5 | Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) | 1862 | Draw (Union tactical victory) |
| 6 | Battle of Fredericksburg | 1862 | Confederate victory |
| 7 | Battle of Chancellorsville | 1863 | Confederate victory |
| 8 | Battle of Gettysburg | 1863 | Union victory |
| 9 | Siege of Vicksburg | 1863 | Union victory, Confederate surrender |
| 10 | Battle of Chickamauga | 1863 | Confederate victory |
| 11 | Chattanooga Campaign | 1863 | Union victory |
| 12 | Battle of Spotsylvania Court House | 1864 | Inconclusive |
| 13 | Battle of Cold Harbor | 1864 | Confederate victory |
| 14 | Siege of Petersburg | 1864 | Union victory |
| 15 | Sherman’s March to the Sea | 1864 | Union victory |
| 16 | Battle of Franklin | 1864 | Union victory |
| 17 | Battle of Nashville | 1864 | Union victory |
| 18 | Surrender of General Lee | 1865 | Union victory, end of the Civil War |
| 19 | Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln | 1865 | End of Reconstruction, beginning of Jim Crow era |
| 20 | Ratification of the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution | 1865 | Abolition of slavery in the United States of America |
| 21 | Emancipation Proclamation | 1863 | Declared slaves in Confederate states as free |
| 22 | Draft Riots in New York City | 1863 | Violent protests against conscription and black voters |
| 23 | Homestead Act | 1862 | Encouraged westward expansion and settlement |
| 24 | Battle of Fort Donelson | 1862 | Union victory, key to capturing Nashville |
| 25 | Battle of Atlanta | 1864 | Union victory, helped secure Lincoln’s re-election |
| 26 | Appomattox Courthouse Surrender | 1865 | Confederate surrender, effectively ended the Civil War |
| 27 | Reconstruction Act | 1867 | Divided the South into military districts, required new state constitutions with black suffrage |
| 28 | Ku Klux Klan founded | 1865 | Secret society opposed to black rights and Republican rule in the South |
| 29 | 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified | 1865 | Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude |
| 30 | 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified | 1868 | Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. |
| 31 | 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified | 1870 | Prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
| 32 | Compromise of 1877 | 1877 | Ended Reconstruction, withdrew federal troops from the South, and allowed Democrats to take control of the region |
| 33 | Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision | 1896 | Established the “separate but equal” doctrine and upheld racial segregation laws in the South |
| 34 | Jim Crow laws passed in the South | 1890s | Enforced racial segregation and discrimination in public facilities, transportation, education, and voting |
| 35 | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded | 1909 | Advocated for civil rights and racial justice through legal challenges and grassroots activism |
| 36 | Women’s suffrage movement gains momentum | 1910s | Advocated for women’s right to vote and political participation, ultimately leading to the 19th Amendment in 1920 |
| 37 | World War I | 1914-1918 | U.S. involvement helped shift public opinion toward support for racial equality and civil rights |
| 38 | Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities | 1915-1970 | Fleeing racial violence and economic hardship in the South, African Americans migrated in large numbers to northern cities, fueling social and cultural change |
| 39 | Harlem Renaissance | 1920s | Cultural and artistic movement celebrating African American art, music, literature, and intellectual achievement |
| 40 | Stock market crash and Great Depression | 1929 | Devastating economic crisis that led to widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest |
| 41 | Civil Rights Movement gains momentum | 1950s-1960s | Advocated for racial equality and civil rights through nonviolent protests, legal challenges, and grassroots activism |
| 42 | Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision | 1954 | Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional |
| 43 | Montgomery bus boycott | 1955-1956 | Nonviolent protest against segregation on public transportation, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and others |
| 44 | Little Rock Nine school integration | 1957 | First black students admitted to a previously all-white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas, amid violent protests and federal intervention |
| 45 | Civil Rights Act passed | 1964 | Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment, housing, and public accommodations |
| 46 | Voting Rights Act passed | 1965 | Outlawed discriminatory voting practices and provided federal oversight of voting rights in areas with a history of voter suppression |
| 47 | Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated | 1968 | Shocking event that sparked widespread protests and unrest, and galvanized support for civil rights and social justice |
| 48 | Women’s liberation movement gains momentum | 1960s-1970s | Advocated for women’s rights, reproductive freedom, and gender equality, leading to significant social and political changes |
| 49 | Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision | 1973 | Legalized abortion nationwide and recognized women’s right to reproductive freedom |
| 50 | Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts face ongoing challenges | Ongoing | Despite legal victories, challenges to civil rights and voting rights persist, highlighting the ongoing need for vigilance and activism in defense of these fundamental rights |
